![]() 264 261īaalousha M, Nur Y, Römer I, Tejamaya M and Lead J R 2013 Sci. Tan L, Tan X, Fang M, Yu Z and Wang X 2018 J. Zhang F, Wang Z, Wang S, Fang H and Wang D 2019 Chemosphere 228 195 Peng Y H, Tsai Y C, Hsiung C E, Lin Y H and Shih Y H 2017 J. Han Y, Kim D, Hwang G, Lee B, Eom I, Kim P J et al 2014 Colloids Surf. Liu X, Wazne M, Chou T, Xiao R and Xu S 2011 Water Res. Le Ouay B and Stellacci F 2015 Nano Today 10 339 Horie M, Nishio K, Fujita K, Endoh S, Miyauchi A, Saito Y et al 2009 Chem. 44 85īaysal A, Saygin H and Ustabasi G S 2018 Environ. 190 34īaysal A, Saygin H and Ustabasi G S 2018 Arch. 192 276īaysal A, Saygin H and Ustabasi G S 2018 Environ. 192 1īaysal A, Saygin H and Ustabasi G S 2020 Environ. 274 88īaysal A and Saygin H 2020 Smart nanosensors and methods for detection of nanoparticles and their potential toxicity in air, in nanomaterials for air remediation (Elsevier) p 33īaysal A, Saygin H and Ustabasi G S 2020 Environ. Sun Q, Hu X, Zheng S, Sun Z, Liu S and Li H 2015 Powder Technol. Naasz S, Altenburger R and Kühnel D 2018 Sci. As a result of surface transformation, affecting the functional groups and crystallinity, the zeta potential and particle size were significantly influenced. The results indicated that the crystallinity, oxygen to carbon ratio, hydroxyl and vinyl groups of TiO 2 nanoparticles were significantly affected from the interaction with Ca compounds. Moreover, surface characteristics such as crystallinity, functional group indices (hydroxyl, carbonyl and vinyl), oxygen to carbon ratio, as well as the influence of surface characteristics on the zeta potential and particle sizes were evaluated. Thus, this study aimed to examine interaction of TiO 2 nanoparticles with individual and combined presence of Ca compounds by the surface chemistry of TiO 2 nanoparticles using dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. However, limited information on the interactions of nanoparticles with the other chemical species is available. Other chemical species, e.g., major cationic or anionic compounds, are also found in these applications. Metal oxide (e.g., TiO 2) nanoparticles have been used in various environmental, food and medical products.
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